Amalgamation and Optimization of FAEE Biodiesel Fuel from Croton macrostachyus hochst. ex Delile Seed oil Utilizing Solid Calcium Oxide-Chicken Eggshell Squander as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

Table 3

Summary of physicochemical properties of C.M. seed oil-based biodiesel with standards [30].

Property	C. M. biodiesel (this study)	Unit	^∗WCO biodiesel	ASTMD 6751	Test methods
Density at 20°C	878	Kg/m^3	885	875–900	ASTMD 4052
Moisture content	0.047	%		<0.05	EN ISO12937
Kinematic viscosity at 40°C	3.54	mm^2/s	4	1.9–6	ASTM D 445
Acid value	0.87	mgKOH/g oil	0.62	≤0.9	ASTM D664
FFA composition	0.435	%		—	ASTM D664
PH	7.83	—	8	7–9	—
Saponification number	120	mgKOH/g oil	200	190–230	ASTMD5558
Calorific value	40.2	MJ/kg	41	40–42	ASTM D 240
Iodine value	102.1	gI2/100g	103.8	—	EN 14111
Flashpoint	198		160	130	ASTM D 93
Ash content	0.023	%		0.02	ASTM D 482
Cetane number	56	—	56	47	ASTM D976