A Comprehensive Investigation of the Potential Role of Lipoproteins and Metabolite Profile as Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease Compared to the Known CSF Biomarkers
Table 2
Significant correlations between CSF core biomarkers and studied lipoproteins and metabolites controlled for age and gender in Apo-E groups.
Variable
Apo-E status
Negative
Positive
Aβ-42
TAU
P-TAU
Aβ-42
TAU
P-TAU
Lipoproteins
XXL VLDL
Rho
0.186
-0.003
-0.033
-0.022
-0.210
-0.208
value
0.196
0.986
0.821
0.819
0.031
0.033
L HDL
Rho
-0.175
0.201
0.241
-0.027
0.081
0.049
value
0.225
0.161
0.091
0.780
0.407
0.619
M HDL
Rho
-0.132
0.386
0.400
-0.082
0.122
0.115
value
0.360
0.006
0.004
0.405
0.213
0.242
S HDL
Rho
-0.060
0.385
0.355
-0.072
0.068
0.089
value
0.680
0.011
0.011
0.461
0.489
0.367
Apolipoproteins
Apo-A1
Rho
-0.158
.225
0.263
0.003
-0.006
-0.036
value
0.195
0.063
0.029
0.970
0.942
0.662
Fatty acids
DHA
Rho
-0.136
0.095
0.154
-0.157
-0.075
-0.110
value
0.266
0.437
0.206
0.058
0.369
0.184
LA
Rho
-0.200
0.032
0.090
-0.021
-0.043
-0.065
value
0.099
0.794
0.460
0.804
0.605
0.437
Omega-3
Rho
-0.119
0.094
0.146
-0.155
-0.133
-0.164
value
0.332
0.445
0.232
0.062
0.108
0.048
Omega-6
Rho
-0.212
0.083
0.145
-0.047
-0.039
-0.062
value
0.080
0.496
0.235
0.573
0.643
0.453
PUFA
Rho
-0.204
0.088
0.151
-0.067
-0.056
-0.082
value
0.092
0.470
0.216
0.421
0.501
0.323
MUFA
Rho
-0.083
0.068
0.093
-0.136
0.010
0.007
value
0.500
0.579
0.449
0.099
0.903
0.932
Glycolysis-related metabolites
Glycerol
Rho
0.262
-0.013
-0.048
-0.012
-0.058
-0.046
value
0.037
0.918
0.706
0.891
0.488
0.582
Amino acids
Alanine
Rho
0.237
-0.116
-0.159
-0.023
0.043
0.032
value
0.060
0.360
0.209
0.781
0.609
0.703
Leucine
Rho
0.305
-0.132
-0.181
0.017
-0.049
-0.024
value
0.014
0.297
0.153
0.841
0.560
0.776
Valine
Rho
0.241
-0.160
-0.210
0.056
-0.035
-0.013
value
0.056
0.207
0.096
0.509
0.677
0.877
Phenylalanine
Rho
0.231
-0.030
-0.026
-0.096
-0.046
-0.054
value
0.066
0.811
0.835
0.254
0.587
0.525
Fluid balance metabolites
Albumin
Rho
-0.001
0.102
0.131
-0.077
-0.159
-0.155
value
0.997
0.422
0.303
0.362
0.058
0.065
XXL VLDL: extremely large very low-density lipoprotein, L HDL: large high-density lipoprotein, M HDL: medium high-density lipoprotein, S HDL: small high-density lipoprotein, DHA: docosahexaenoic acid, LA: linoleic acid, PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids, MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids.