Occurrence of Potential Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Isolated from Herbal Medicinal Products Sold in Different Markets of Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia
Table 6
Multidrug resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from herbal medicinal products sold in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2013.
Bacterial isolates
Total (%)
Number of antibiotics resistance patterns (%)
≥R5
Gram negatives
98 (65.3)
7 (7.1)
9 (9.2)
19 (19.4)
22 (22.5)
19 (19.4)
22 (22.4)
Enterobacter cloacae
18 (18.4)
0 (0)
0 (0)
4 (22.2)
5 (27.7)
5 (27.7)
4 (22.2)
Enterobacter aerogenes
4 (4)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
2 (50)
1 (25)
1 (25)
Shigella dysenteriae
13 (13.3)
2 (15.4)
1 (7.7)
2 (15.4)
2 (15.4)
5 (38.5)
1 (7.7)
Klebsiella pneumonia
11 (11.2)
0 (0)
1 (9.1)
3 (27.3)
3 (27.3)
0 (0)
4 (36.4)
Klebsiella ozaenae
4 (4)
0 (0)
1 (25)
1 (25)
0 (0)
0 (0)
2 (50)
Escherichia coli
10 (10.2)
2 (20)
1 (10)
3 (30)
1 (10)
1 (10)
2 (20)
Providencia stuartii
12 (12.2)
1 (8.3)
0 (0)
1 (8.3)
3 (25)
4 (33.3)
3 (25)
Citrobacter spp.
12 (12.2)
1 (8.3)
3 (25)
2 (16.7)
2 (16.7)
3 (25)
0 (0)
Serratia
5 (5.1)
1 (20)
2 (40)
1 (20)
1 (20)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Salmonella spp.
3 (3)
0 (0)
0 (0)
1 (33.3)
2 (66.7)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2 (2)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
2 (100)
Acinetobacter
4 (4)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
1 (25)
0 (0)
3 (75)
Gram positives
52 (34.7)
7 (13.5)
2 (3.8)
4 (7.7)
12 (23.1)
9 (17.3)
18 (34.6)
Bacillus spp.
31 (59.6)
4 (12.9)
1 (3.2)
4 (12.9)
4 (12.9)
7 (22.6)
11 (35.5)
Staphylococcus aureus
10 (19.2)
1 (10)
0 (0)
0 (0)
5 (50)
1 (10)
3 (30)
Staphylococcus epidermidis
5 (9.6)
1 (20)
0 (0)
0 (0)
2 (40)
0 (0)
2 (40)
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
2 (3.8)
0 (0)
1 (50)
0 (0)
0 (0)
1 (50)
0 (0)
Streptococcus pyogenes
4 (7.7)
1 (25)
0 (0)
0 (0)
1 (25)
0 (0)
2 (50)
Total MDR (G− and G+)
150 (100)
14 (9.3)
11 (7.3)
23 (15.3)
34 (22.7)
28 (18.7)
40 (26.7)
MDR: multiple drug resistance (resistant to 2 or more antibiotics), : no antibiotic resistance, : resistance to one, : resistance to two, : resistance to three, : resistance to four, and ≥R5: resistance to five and more drugs.
