Structure and Composition of Mangrove Associations in Tubli Bay of Bahrain as Affected by Municipal Wastewater Discharge and Anthropogenic Sedimentation

Table 4

List of mangrove associated species, families, life forms, and habitats in the study sites.

Number	Plant species	Family	Life form	Habitat	Sites
					Tubli	Sitra-1	Sitra-2
	Arthrocnemum macrostachyum	Chenopodiaceae	Ch	LSM	-	√	√
	Avicennia marina	Avicenniaceae	Ph	MSR	√	√	√
	Cistanche tubulosa	Orobanchaceae	Cr/P	USM	-	√	√
	Citrullus colocynthis	Cucurbitaceae	He	USM	-	√	-
	Halocnemum strobilaceum	Amaranthaceae	Ch	LSM	√	√	√
	Halopeplis perfoliata	Chenopodiaceae	Ch	LSM	-	√	-
	Limonium axillare	Plumbaginaceae	Ch	USM	√	-	-
	Phragmites australis	Poaceae	Cr	USM	-	√	-
	Pluchea ovalis	Asteraceae	Ph	USM	√	-	-
	Salicornia herbacea	Chenopodiaceae	Th	LSM	√	√	√
	Sesuvium verrucosum	Aizoaceae	Ch	USM	√	-	-
	Suaeda aegyptiaca	Chenopodiaceae	Ch	LSM	√	√	√
	Suaeda maritima	Chenopodiaceae	Ch	LSM	-	√	-
	Tamarix arabica	Tamaricaceae	Ph	USM	√	√	√
	Zygophyllum qatarense	Zygophyllaceae	Ch	USM	√	-	-

Ch: Chamaephytes, Cr: Cryptophytes, He: Hemicryptophytes, P: parasite, Ph: Phanerophyte, Th: Therophytes, LSM: lower salt marsh, MSR: mangrove submerged root, and USM: upper salt marsh.