Can We Enhance Respectful Behaviors toward Parents with Gamification? An Observational Study of Gamification Elements and Child Attitudes toward Parents

Table 4

ANOVA tests for gamification elements.

Factor	Gender		Types of applications		Types of activities		Daily hours		Knowledge of favorite app		Discussion with child
	Avatars	1.77	0.184	2.01	1.890	2.08	0.456	0.69	0.626	7.51	<0.001	6.12	<0.01
Points	2.90	0.89	9.12	<0.01	5.09	<0.05	1.22	0.295	8.40	<0.05	2.15	0.117
Coins	4.97	0.26	2.12	0.162	3.12	0.123	8.90	<0.05	1.85	1.35	5.49	<0.01
Stars	0.22	0.633	1.34	0.215	1.45	0.243	2.15	0.059	7.57	<0.001	2.35	0.096
Levels of difficulty	11.51	<0.01	0.43	0.654	4.12	0.101	4.30	<0.01	6.07	<0.05	4.97	<0.01
Leader boards	2.05	0.153	2.76	0.213	2.39	0.159	0.76	0.580	5	<0.01	2.84	0.059
Rewards	2.80	0.095	3.15	0.09	4.01	0.122	1.72	0.129	2.32	0.07	6.28	<0.01
Schedule and countdown	0.134	0.714	2.14	0.121	3.23	0.321	0.20	0.959	1.52	0.208	2.18	0.114
Unexpected rewards	2.93	0.99	1.12	0.867	2.34	0.201	1.31	0.256	3.50	<0.05	6.56	<0.01
Interaction with others	2.47	0.117	5.13	<0.05	4.97	<0.05	4.30	<0.01	1.83	0.141	5.48	<0.01
Progress roadmap	0.006	9.38	3.14	0.124	2.98	0.202	2.99	<0.05	4.70	<0.01	8.78	<0.001
Feedback	1.57	0.210	9.12	<0.01	7.22	<0.05	0.99	0.440	1.85	0.137	7.12	<0.01