Infertility is a detrimental condition which strongly affects couples, and it is expected to grow worldwide. Both for female and male partners, different conditions are responsible for infertility, accounting for structural diseases or more subtle and complex events. On this behalf, the hormonal assessment plays a key role for the infertility diagnosis, since its imbalance could be responsible for different outcomes. Moreover, gonadotropin administration is one of the leading medical treatments in assisted reproductive techniques (ART). In particular, the IVF/ICSI and IUI treatments require hormonal controlled ovarian stimulation. In addition, new insights and proposals are provided about adjuvant therapies.

In this scenario, we propose this Special Issue with the aim to move forward the endocrinology field addressing female and male infertility. We aim to address two specific issues: PCOS and thyroid impact. We consider them as of paramount importance, although often considered as of secondary importance when dealing with IVF/ICSI procedures. Targeting this peculiar area of interest could increase both ART outcomes and spontaneous pregnancy achievement.

This Special Issue invites original clinical and basic research articles and reviews regarding the following topics:1) PCOS and its impact on female infertility.2) Thyroid hormonal impact on female and male fertility.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Female infertility
• Infertility diagnosis
• Assisted reproductive technologies
• Medical therapies
• Hormonal assessment
• Ovarian stimulation
• Ovulation
• PCOS
• Thyroid disfunction
• AMH
• Poor responders
• Psychologic distress