Evolutionary Consequences of Male Driven Sexual Selection and Sex-Biased Fitness Modifications in Drosophila melanogaster and Members of the simulans Clade

Figure 4

Comparison of female longevity when kept virgin (Group C1), females mated once in their lifetime (Group 1), females exposed to males every 7 days (Group 2), females exposed to males every three days (Group 3), and females kept with males for entire lifetime (Group C2).