Urbanization is now becoming a global phenomenon. Rapid growth in industrialization and the economic surge have led to a global increase in urbanization. In the race of modernization, human activities in the last 50 years have negatively impacted biodiversity and the environment. By 2050, almost 10 billion inhabitants will be urban dwellers. Urbanization attributes to environmental pollution (air, water, light, and heat) and the occurrence of invasive species. In urban areas, measures should be taken to protect insects. Due to increasingly urbanized landscapes, natural living spaces are gradually decreasing and getting fragmented resulting in a loss of biodiversity.

However, an increase and decrease in insect richness with urbanization have also been reported. A basic challenge in this scenario is to understand how a rapid increase in urbanization affects biodiversity. Hence, a shift in various insect ranges due to land-use changes and climate change is important to understand. Studies show that the process of urbanization has different effects on different groups of insects and urbanization results in climate change. Climate, especially temperature, has a strong and direct influence on insect development, reproduction, and survival. Responses to climate change are always likely to be individualistic and a better understanding of the impact of climate change on insect populations is needed.

This Special Issue aims to encourage new research ideas for studying the effect of urbanization and climate change on ecological systems like the geographical distribution of insects. Simultaneously, this Issue aims to improve basic scientific research on the urbanization problem, construction of suitable habitats for various insects, and informing the general public about the benefits of environmental protection. The purpose of this research topic is to find out about evolutionary ability and how the evolutionary ability of an organism can be assessed for many generations. We welcome original research and review articles.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Insects expanding their range due to urbanization
• Urbanization contribution to changes in the distribution and abundance of various insects
• Role of urbanization for facultative behavior and life-history traits in invasive populations of insects
• Effect and comparison of growth temperature on life-history traits
• The new challenges posed by climate change on invasive as well as native insects
• Experimental climate manipulations at all trophic levels for tolerance against urbanization
• Insects as ecological indicators of climate changes
• Extinction of native insects and introduction of invasive insects due to urbanization
• Urbanization considering biodiversity conservation and climate resilience
• Effect of urbanization on insect morphology and behavior