Evaluation of Yield and Physicochemical Quality of Pentadesma butyracea Butter Obtained by Different Traditional Extraction Methods in Ghana
Table 2
Fatty acid composition (%) of four P. butyracea butter samples obtained by different traditional extraction methods.
Fatty acid
Fat/butter sample
DES
DEW
FSO
FWO
Caprylic acid (C8:0)
a
a
b
b
Capric acid (C10:0)
ND
ND
0.01 ± 0.00a
a
Lauric acid (C12:0)
ND
ND
a
a
Myristic acid (C14:0)
a
a
b
b
Palmitic acid (C16:0)
a
b
c
d
Palmitoleic acid (C16:1)
a
a
b
b
Margaric acid (C17:0)
a
a
a
a
Margaroleic acid (C17:1)
a
a
a
a
Stearic acid (C18:0)
a
b
b
b
Elaidic acid (C18:1n9t)
a
a
a
a
Oleic acid (C18:1n9c)
a
a
a
a
Linoleic acid (C18:2n6c)
b
a
b
b
Linolenic acid (C18:3n3)
a
b
c
d
Arachidic acid (C20:0)
b
a
a
a
Gondoic acid (C20:1)
a
a
b
b
Behenic acid (C22:0)
a
a
a
a
Lignoceric acid (C24:0)
a
a
a
a
Sums and ratio
46.48
46.57
46.85
46.88
52.24
52.24
52.13
52.05
51.61
51.60
51.43
51.43
0.63
0.64
0.70
0.62
UFA/SFA
1.12
1.12
1.11
1.11
ND = not detected. Data are represented as .a-dMeans in the same row with different superscript letters were significantly different (). = sum of saturated fatty acids; = sum of unsaturated fatty acids; = sum of monounsaturated fatty acids; = sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids; UFAs/SFAs = ratio between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids.
