Pharmacogenomics of Hypertension in Africa: Paving the Way for a Pharmacogenetic-Based Approach for the Treatment of Hypertension in Africans

Table 5

The distribution of minor allele frequencies (MAF) in genes that have been studied among African populations.

Gene	Polymorphism	Allele	African				European	Asian
			Bantu (Southern Africa)	Luhya (Kenya)	Yoruba (Nigeria)	African American
CYP11B2	c.-344T>C (rs1799998)	C	—	0.20	0.14	0.19	0.49	0.39
GRK4	c.194G>T, p.Arg65Leu (rs2960306)	T	0.50	0.60	0.55	0.45	0.38	0.11
	c.425C>T, p.Ala142Val (rs1024323)	T	0.50	0.64	0.67	0.58	0.40	0.19
	c.1457T>C, p.Val486Ala (rs1801058)	T	—	0.06	0.09	0.16	0.43	0.46
NEDD4L	c.49-16229G>A (rs4149601)	A	0.69	0.50	0.38	0.34	0.35	0.16
	c.-300G>C (rs292449)	G	—	0.47	0.45	0.49	0.66	0.13
	c.-360G>A (rs1008899)	A	0.06	0.08	0.04	0.11	0.25	0.45
NPPA	c.454T>C, p.Ter152Arg (rs5065)	G	0.56	0.31	0.43	0.40	0.12	0.01
SCNN1B	c.1688G>A, p.Arg563Gln (rs149868979)	G	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
CYP411	g.46933071G>C (rs3890011)	C	—	0.32	0.36	0.44	0.22	0.41
WNK1	c.760-19729T>C (rs2107614)	C	—	0.53	0.39	0.47	0.68	0.84
	c.7400-103T>C (rs2277869)	C	—	0.18	0.13	0.16	0.14	0.16
	c.933-1363G>C (rs1159744)	C	—	0.23	0.28	0.25	0.26	0.10
ADBR1	c.1165G>C, p.Gly389Arg (rs1801253)	G	—	0.31	0.48	0.41	0.32	0.35
ADBR2	g.148825489A>G (rs2400707)	A	0.50	0.57	0.43	0.50	0.59	0.75
	c.79G>C, T p.Glu27Gln (rs1042714)	G	—	0.21	0.12	0.20	0.41	0.14
GNB3	c.825C>T (rs5443)	T	—	—	—	0.76	0.31	0.54
NOS3	c.894T>G, p.Asp298Glu (rs1799983)	T	0.08	0.04	0.06	0.11	0.34	0.15
	c.-149+1691C>T (rs2070744)	C	0.10	0.14	0.12	0.16	0.44	0.10
CYP3A4	c.-392G>A (rs2740574)	C	—	0.17	0.24	0.45	0.03	0.00
	g.99768693G>A (rs35599367)	A	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.00
CYP3A5	g.99672916T>C (rs776746)	C	0.19	0.12	0.17	0.31	0.94	0.71
LRRC15	g.194361436del (rs11313667)	CCC	—	0.76	0.85	0.76	0.47	0.70
Chromosome 12q	g.69430244C>T (rs7297610)	T	0.13	0.31	0.37	0.30	0.07	0.00
	g.69333410G>A (rs317689)	G	0.13	0.14	0.08	0.14	0.28	0.26
	g.69369207A>G (rs315135)	G	0.13	0.22	0.14	0.12	0.05	0.00
BEST3	g.a69643740G>A, p.Pro383Leu (rs61747221)	A	—	0.14	0.15	0.16	0.09	0.26

Frequencies obtained from the allele frequency database for Bantu populations, and 1,000 genomes database for other African, European, and Asian populations [79, 80].