Medicinal plants and their bioactive components have been utilized for the treatment of various forms of disease. Inflammation is the common pathological factor responsible for the progression of a wide range of diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, reproductive diseases, and respiratory diseases. Medicinal plants such as Mucuna pruriens, Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Zingiber officinale, Borago officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Bacopa monnieri, etc. possesses strong anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, the bioactive molecule of these herbal plants also offers significant anti-inflammatory potential. For example, ursolic acid is one of the active biomolecules of Mucuna pruriens that shows anti-inflammatory activity in neurodegenerative and other diseases. These medicinal plants and their bioactive molecular components can prevent the progression of different diseases. Inhibition of the progression in any diseases offers significant relief to the affected patients or individuals. Clinical studies have also validated the anti-inflammatory activity of these medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules.

Research across the world has already shown the anti-inflammatory activity of several medicinal plants and their bioactive constituents in different diseases. Still, the therapeutic potential of many medicinal plants has not yet been explored. In addition, many medicinal plants and their biomolecules also come with severe side effects. Therefore, there is a strong need for the selection of those medicinal plants which might offer significant protection by their anti-inflammatory attributes with minimal side effects. For example, dietary mushrooms offer significant anti-inflammatory activity and have minimal side effects. Moreover, the exact mechanism of action behind the anti-inflammatory activity of these medicinal plants and their bioactive components also needs to be explored at a deeper level. Transcription factors are one of the main mediators of inflammation in various diseases. For example, nuclear translocation of NF-κB is mainly responsible for progressive inflammation in numerous disease conditions. Therefore, there is a strong need to explore medicinal plants and their appropriate bioactive components for their anti-inflammatory activity along with their mechanism of action.

The main aim of this Special Issue is to attract research on medicinal plants and their derived compounds for their anti-inflammatory activity in different diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, reproductive diseases, and respiratory diseases. In addition, finding bioactive compounds with minimal side effects and elucidating a clear mechanism of action is our major goal. Characterization of the medicinal plants’ active biomolecule with anti-inflammatory activity is also encouraged. Original research and review articles are welcome.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Screening of the medicinal plants having autophagic enhancing activity
• The role of anti-inflammatory activity of medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules in neurodegenerative diseases
• Exploring the anti-inflammatory properties of medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules in different cardiovascular diseases
• Mediators of inflammation in different diseases
• Identifying the anti-inflammatory potential of bioactive components of medicinal plants in a different form of cancer
• Anti-inflammatory attributes of medicinal plants in diabetes and hypertension
• Inhibition of the progression of reproductive diseases by medicinal plants and their bioactive constituents
• Prevention of progression of respiratory diseases by medicinal plants
• Comparison of the anti-inflammatory activity of different biomolecules of medicinal plants in different diseases
• Mechanism of action of the anti-inflammatory activity of medicinal plants and their bioactive components in different diseases