Research Article
Mycobiota and Natural Incidence of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, and Citrinin in Indian Spices Confirmed by LC-MS/MS
Table 1
Percent incidence of fungal mycoflora isolated from different spices.
| | Fungal species | Name of the spices | | R. chia | B. pepb | Turmc | Corid | Cumie | Fennf | Carag | Fenuh | D. gingi |
| | Alternaria alternata | 2.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Aspergillus parasiticus | — | 4.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.0 | | Aspergillus oryzae | — | 8.3 | — | — | 1.6 | — | 3.3 | — | 1.3 | | Aspergillus tamarii | 5.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Aspergillus niger | 15.3 | 19.6 | 8.0 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 9.0 | | Aspergillus flavus | 32.3 | 28.3 | 9.6 | 8.0 | 16.6 | 12.3 | 15.3 | 19.6 | 21.6 | | Aspergillus ochraceus | 8.6 | 10.0 | 7.6 | — | 3.6 | 5.0 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 4.6 | | Aspergillus versicolor | 11.4 | 7.65 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Aspergillus fumigatus | — | — | — | 2.0 | — | — | — | — | 4.6 | | Aspergillus terreus | — | 6.3 | — | — | 2.6 | 1.3 | — | — | 2.6 | | Aspergillus sydowii | — | — | — | 2.6 | — | — | 4.0 | 2.6 | — | | Penicillium citrinum | 12.6 | 19.3 | 4.0 | 7.6 | 3.3 | — | 2.3 | 7.6 | 16.3 | | Penicillium islandicum | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.6 | — | — | | Penicillium verrucosum | 8.6 | 10.0 | 8.0 | 6.3 | — | — | — | 6.0 | 8.6 | | Penicillium purpurogenum | — | 1.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.6 | | Penicillium cyclopium | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.6 | — | — | | Fusarium oxysporum | — | 5.6 | 5.3 | — | 6.6 | — | 3.3 | — | 2.3 | | Fusarium moniliforme | 6.3 | 9.6 | 4.6 | — | — | 3.0 | — | 1.6 | 3.0 | | Chaetomium globosum | 1.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Rhizopus nigricans | — | 6.3 | — | 4.3 | 2.5 | — | — | — | — | | Rhizopus oryzae | 4.3 | 6.6 | — | — | 2.6 | 2.3 | — | 4.0 | 2.6 | | Mucor hiemalis | 7.0 | 3.0 | — | 2.6 | — | 1.6 | — | — | — |
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Red chilli, bblack pepper, c
turmeric, dcoriander, ecumin, ffennel, gcaraway, hfenugreek, and idry ginger.
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