Mycobiota and Natural Incidence of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, and Citrinin in Indian Spices Confirmed by LC-MS/MS

Table 2

Mycotoxin producing potentiality of toxigenic fungi from different spices.

Sn	Spice	Fungi examined	% tox^a	Mycotoxin detected	Potential range (µg/L)
1	R. chi	A. flavus	56.0	AFs	4.3–33.6
		A. ochraceus	41.6	OTA	2.8–18.6
		P. citrinum	31.2	CTN	15.6–28.3
		P. verrucosum	30.0	OTA	3.5–8.6
2	B. pep	A. flavus	45.4	AFs	6.3–26.4
		A. parasiticus	26.6	AFs	4.8–9.6
		A. ochraceus	45.0	OTA	5.4–22.6
		A. terreus	0	—	—
		P. citrinum	44.4	CTN	15.4–20.5
		P. verrucosum	25.0	OTA	4.6–13.8
3	Turm	A. flavus	20.0	AFs	4.4–11.3
		A. ochraceus	40.0	OTA	2.1–18.9
		P. citrinum	0	—	—
		P. verrucosum	16.6	OTA	3.7–6.1
4	Cori	A. flavus	38.8	AFs	5.2–13.7
		P. citrinum	26.6	CTN	18.7–20.9
		P. verrucosum	20.0	OTA	6.8–16.1
5	Cumi	A. flavus	46.6	AFs	5.8–18.2
		A. ochraceus	0	—	—
		A. terreus	0	—	—
		P. citrinum	13.3	CTN	16.0–18.5
6	Fenn	A. flavus	45.0	AFs	8.7–24.3
		A. ochraceus	38.8	OTA	6.5–8.4
		A. terreus	0	—	—
7	Cara	A. flavus	40.9	AFs	6.4–16.7
		A. ochraceus	22.2	OTA	6.1–15.4
		P. citrinum	0	—	—
8	Fenu	A. flavus	35.0	AFs	6.4–19.7
		A. ochraceus	40.0	OTA	3.5–20.1
		P. citrinum	20.0	CTN	17.2–19.2
		P. verrucosum	0	—	—
9	D. ging	A. flavus	44.0	AFs	5.8–24.2
		A. parasiticus	27.7	AFs	6.4–8.1
		A. ochraceus	33.3	OTA	3.1–16.7
		A. terreus	0	—	—
		P. citrinum	38.8	CTN	16.4–22.3
		P. verrucosum	30.0	OTA	2.4–8.7

Percentage of toxigenic isolates of fungi.