Therapeutic Potential of Punica granatum and Isolated Compounds: Evidence-Based Advances to Treat Bacterial Infections

Table 2

Chemical characterization of P. granatum extracts.

Identification techniques	Majority compounds identified	Molecular formula	Action of the active compounds	Reference
HPLC	Punicalagin	C48H28O30	Antibacterial	[30]
HPLC; LC-MS/MS	Valoneic acid dilactone; Mono galloyl-hexoside; Hexahydroxydiphenoyl-hexoside coumaric acid	C21H10	Antibacterial	[11]
		C13H16O10
		C20H18O14
		C9H8O3
GC-MS	5-Hydroxymethylfurfural	C6H6O3	Antioxidant	[34]
	4-Fluorobenzyl alcohol	C7H7FO	Antimicrobial
UPLC LC-MS	Punicalin; Rutin p-coumaric acid (+)-Catechin; (−)-Epicatechin; Hesperidin	C34H22O22	Antioxidant, antibacterial antityrosinase	[36]
		C27H30O16
		C9H8O3
		C15H14O6
		C15H14O6
		C28H34O15
HPLC-ESI/MS LC-MS	Gallic acid	C7H6O5	Antibacterial; Antioxidant; Tyrosinase inhibition	[45]
	Catechin	C15H14O6
	Epicatechin	C15H14O6
	Ellagic acid	C14H6O8
	Rutin	C27H30O16
HPLC	α-Punicalagin	C48H28O30	Antibacterial	[56]
	β-Punicalagin	C48H28O30
	Gallic acid	C7H6O5
	Ellagic acid	C14H6O8
HPLC	α-Punicalagin	C48H28O30	Antimicrobial	[51]
	β-Punicalagin	C48H28O30
	α-Punicalin	C34H22O22
	β-Punicalin	C34H22O22

GAE, gallic acid; CE, catechin; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry; GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; UPLC, ultraperformance liquid chromatography; LC-MS, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.