Review Article
Implications and Mechanisms of Antiviral Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Systematic Review
Table 2
Quality assessment of the experimental studies included in the meta-analysis (the Cochrane tool).
| | Author | Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Blinding of participants and personnel | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting |
| | Freedman et al. [24] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Shin et al. [25] | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concern | | Ou et al. [26] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Allam et al. [27] | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concern | | Palma et al. [28] | Some concern | Some concern | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concern | | Mohseni et al. [29] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Wang et al. [30] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | D’Ettorre et al. [31] | High risk | Low risk | Some concern | High risk | Low risk | Some concern | | Fujii et al. [32] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Gleeson et al. [33] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Tapiovaara et al. [34] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | D’Ettorre et al. [35] | Some concern | Some concern | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Sugimura et al. [36] | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Niekerk et al. [37] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concern | | Lee et al. [38] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concern | | Lehtoranta et al. [39] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Luoto et al. [40] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Gautam et al. [41] | High risk | Some concern | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concern | | Santiago et al. [42] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concern | | Kumpu et al. [43] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Verhoeven et al. [44] | High risk | Some concern | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Hummelen et al. [45] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Nagata et al. [19] | High risk | Some concern | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concern | | Grandy et al. [46] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Teran et al. [47] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | | Fang et al. [48] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | | Dubey et al. [49] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Matsuzaki et al. [50] | High risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | | Sarker et al. [51] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Mastretta et al. [52] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | rWolf et al. [53] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Heli Majamaa [54] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | | De Boeck et al. [55] | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | | Dellino et al. [56] | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Di Pierro et al. [57] | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns | | Gutiérrez-Castrellón et al. [58] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Koesnoe et al. [59] | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | | Mullish et al. [60] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
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