Immunophenotypic Characterization of Citrate-Containing A Concentrates in Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Pre-Post Study

Figure 3

The alterations of monocytes and the subset PMN-MDSC and PDL1+ cells before and after switching to citrate-acidified A concentrate dialysis for three months. Absolute cell numbers are presented as histograms (mean with the standard error of mean). (a): Monocytes, (b): CD14+CD16−, (c): CD14+CD16+, (d): PMN-MDSCs (patients: acetate, n = 52; citrate, n = 61), (e): CD14+CD16−PDL1+, and (f): CD14+CD16−PDL1+ (patients: acetate, n = 61; citrate, n = 60).  = 0.05 was considered significant due to the exploratory design of the study.

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