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| Objectives | Result | References |
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| The model can be built from mathematical equations and an equivalent circuit consisting of a photogenerated current source, a series resistor, a shunt resistor, and a diode. | The I-V and P-V properties of SPV cells are also used in the research of the effect; however, real-time simulations are difficult to apply. | Ahmed et al. [146] |
| The performance of the Slider Mode Controller (SMC) is substantially affected by the type of sliding surface used. | The generic algorithm (GA) method was used for a more realistic simulation of solar panels. | Chatrenour et al. [147] |
| The internal properties of a water-based SPV module are examined using single diode models in comparison to land-based SPV modules. | The series resistance of water tank-based modules is higher than that of land-based modules, according to data collected. | Kumar and Kumar [148] |
| Methodology for detecting photovoltaic system faults based on the various I-V curve effects. | Electrical parameters were examined, inflection spots in the observed curve were tested using a learning technique, and a fault’s nature was discovered. | Sarikh et al. [149] |
| SPV panel’s performance parameters that are not generally included in the manufacturer’s specifications can be determined via this modified algorithm method. | In a comparison of the two algorithms, it is found that the modified algorithm responds more accurately to sudden increases in solar radiation. | Motahhir et al. [150] |
| An exhaustive review of the five most common fuzzy logic subsets used in DC-DC boost converters. | With the fewest oscillations and highest system efficiency, the proposed subset can follow the maximum power point in the least amount of time (95.7%). | Hajighorbani et al. [151] |
| Reducing SPV modeling complexity and implementing a simple fuzzy control system for duty cycle control were the main objectives of this work. | System tracking and dynamic response can be seen in the graphical representation of the system’s duty cycle in various environmental conditions. | Mahamudul et al. [152] |
| An empirical model to predict the effect of temperature on the outdoor performance of p-Si, m-Si, a-Si, and thin-film SPV module technologies will be developed. | The results show that the proposed model estimates can be used to accurately and confidently predict the temperature of SPV modules under similar environmental conditions to those of the study area. SPV systems can be made more efficient and cheaper as a result of this research. | Jatoi et al. [153] |
| Impedance matching techniques are being used in this study in an attempt to maximize the efficiency of SPV systems. | It was found that SPV panel performance was highest when the 4 Ω electric load was in use for 11 of the month’s 12 measurement days, but on the final day, it performed worse than the other two loads (the 6 Ω and 8 Ω electric loads) when they were both in use. | Salilih and Birhane [154] |
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