Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Pain, Fatigue, and Health Quality of Life of Patients with Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Crossover Clinical Trial
Table 2
Data related to the clinical characteristics before and after the intervention with tDCS.
Clinical parameters
tDCS ()
Sham ()
Pre
Post
ES
Pre
Post
ES
Patients’ VAS (0-10 cm)
0.0 (0.0-3.0)
1.2 (0.0-2.8)
-0.02
2.0 (0.0-5.5)
0.0 (0.0-0.0)
-0.38
0.842
0.085
0.524
Physicians’ VAS (0-10 cm)
0.0 (0.0-0.0)
0.0 (0.0-0.0)
0
0.0 (0.0-0.0)
0.0 (0.0-0.0)
-0.26
0.786
0.926
0.585
MMT-8 (0-80)
80 (80-80)
80 (80-80)
0
80 (80-80)
80 (80-80)
0
0.370
0.031
0.533
HAQ (0-3.00)
0.25 (0.0-0.93)
0.00 (0.00-0.31)
-0.49
0.25 (0.00-0.87)
0.00 (0.00-0.37)
-0.37
0.151
0.042
0.002
FI-3 elbow (0-60)
0.55
0.19
0.148
0.189
0.112
F-3 elbow (Borg) (0-10)
-0.03
-0.05
0.612
0.171
>0.999
FI-3 cervical (0-60)
0.78
0.12
0.048
0.014
0.047
F-3 cervical (Borg) (0-10)
-0.19
0.06
0.890
0.701
0.299
FI-3 hip (0-60)
0.74
0.19
0.061
0.420
0.003
FI-3 hip (Borg) (0-10)
-0.40
-0.11
0.615
0.779
0.680
MYOACT (0-10)
0.0 (0.0-0.0)
0.0 (0.0-0.0)
-0.11
0.0 (0.0-0.0)
0.0 (0.0-0.0)
-0.26
0.633
0.62
0.687
CPK (U/L)
112 (68-200)
156 (92-294)
0.33
110 (68-178)
196 (94-200)
0.41
0.918
0.321
0.497
ALT (U/L)
19 (17-21)
18 (17-19)
-0.40
20 (17-23)
17 (15-18)
-0.57
0.999
0.813
0.953
AST (U/L)
17 (14-22)
16 (16-20)
-0.07
18 (17-23)
18 (17-18)
-0.44
0.995
0.948
0.941
Data are presented as mean, standard deviation, median (25th-75th), or frequency (%). ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; CPK: creatine phosphokinase; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; FI: Functional Index; MMT-8: Manual Muscle Testing-8; MYOACT: Myositis Disease Activity Assessment Visual Analog Scales; tDCS: transcranial direct current stimulation; ES: effect size.
