High CD44 Immunoexpression Correlates with Poor Overall Survival: Assessing the Role of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients from the High-Risk Population of Pakistan

Table 4

Correlations of antibody expression and patient characteristics.

Clinicopathologic parameters	Total cases	CD133			CD44			L1CAM			SOX2
		−ve	+ve		Low	High		−ve	+ve		−ve	+ve
Age
<40 years	18	11	7	0.077	9	9	0.090	12	6	0.465	6	12	0.722
≥40 years	82	66	16		58	24		47	35		31	51
Gender
Male	57	41	16	0.165	38	19	0.935	30	27	0.136	19	38	0.382
Female	43	36	7		29	14		29	14		18	25
Habits
Yes	79	56	23	0.003	54	25	0.576	46	33	0.761	30	49	0.695
No	21	21	0		13	8		13	8		7	14
Betel quid/areca nut
Yes	61	42	19	0.015	43	18	0.353	37	24	0.674	22	39	0.809
No	39	35	4		24	15		22	17		15	24
Smoking/tobacco use
Yes	35	25	10	0.331	23	12	0.841	19	16	0.482	9	26	0.086
No	65	52	13		44	21		40	25		28	37
Chalia/gutka/naswar
Yes	31	20	11	0.047	20	11	0.723	16	15	0.314	15	16	0.114
No	69	57	12		47	22		43	26		22	47
Habit pattern
Single	37	27	10	0.929	25	12	0.848	22	15	0.934	16	21	0.613
Multiple	42	29	13	0.998	29	13	0.663	24	18	0.855	14	28	0.460
Non-users	21	21	0	0.998	13	8	0.571	13	8	0.718	7	14	1
Primary tumour site
Cheek	63	48	15	0.802	41	22	0.594	36	27	0.622	22	41	0.574
Tongue	37	29	8		26	11		23	14		15	22
Palate
Yes	8	6	2	1	6	2	1	5	3	1	3	5	1
No	92	71	21		61	31		54	38		34	58
Mandible
Yes	26	22	4	0.283	15	11	0.241	14	12	0.535	10	16	0.858
No	74	55	19		52	22		45	29		27	47
Floor of the mouth
Yes	7	3	4	0.047	2	5	0.038	2	5	0.119	3	4	0.708
No	93	74	19		65	28		57	36		34	59
Tonsils
Yes	2	0	2	0.051	0	2	0.107	0	2	0.166	1	1	1
No	98	77	21		67	31		59	39		36	62
Skin
Yes	3	3	0	1	2	1	1	1	2	0.566	0	3	0.294
No	97	74	23		65	32		58	39		37	60
Differentiation
Well differentiated	37	25	12	0.313	26	11	0.790	21	16	0.785	18	19	0.131
Moderately differentiated	59	48	11	0.127	38	21	0.554	35	24	0.804	17	42	0.052
Poorly differentiated	4	4	0	0.999	3	1	0.844	3	1	0.491	2	2	0.959
Primary margins
Clear	62	48	14	0.938	42	20	0.964	36	26	0.476	23	39	0.783
Near	27	21	6	0.970	18	9	0.921	18	9	0.446	9	18	0.734
Involved	11	8	3	0.735	7	4	0.790	5	6	0.440	5	6	0.600
T classification
T1	21	17	4	0.461	18	3	0.058	14	7	0.636	8	13	0.849
T2	47	33	14	0.358	32	15	0.138	27	20	0.474	16	31	0.747
T3	15	12	3	0.943	6	9	0.007	7	8	0.234	7	8	0.608
T4	17	15	2	0.544	11	6	0.140	11	6	0.899	6	11	0.859
N classification
N0	77	60	17	0.856	54	23	0.413	46	31	0.921	27	50	0.732
N1	13	10	3	0.936	8	5	0.538	7	6	0.690	6	7	0.445
N2	10	7	3	0.577	5	5	0.209	6	4	0.987	4	6	0.759
AJCC clinical stage
I	19	15	4	0.692	16	3	0.157	13	6	0.569	8	11	0.768
II	32	23	9	0.576	23	9	0.321	17	15	0.286	10	22	0.434
III	23	17	6	0.703	12	11	0.036	12	11	0.288	10	13	0.929
IV	26	22	4	0.624	16	10	0.107	17	9	0.831	9	17	0.609
Radiotherapy
Yes	65	49	16	0.601	41	24	0.256	41	24	0.259	22	43	0.373
No	25	28	7		26	9		18	11		15	20
CD133
Positive	23	—	—	—	15	8	0.836	10	13	0.850	9	14	0.809
Negative	77	—	—		52	25		49	28		28	49
CD44
High	33	25	8	0.836	—	—	—	20	13	0.819	14	19	0.43
Low	67	52	15		—	—		39	28		23	44
L1CAM
Positive	41	28	13	0.085	28	13	0.819	—	—	—	17	24	0.441
Negative	59	49	10		39	20		—	—		20	39
SOX2
Positive	63	49	14	0.809	44	19	0.43	39	24	0.441	—	—	—
Negative	37	28	9		23	14		20	17		—	—

taken as significant.