The Prevalence of HIV by Ethnic Group Is Correlated with HSV-2 and Syphilis Prevalence in Kenya, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Table 2
The prevalence of HIV, syphilis, HSV-2, STI symptoms, concurrency, multiple partners, and circumcision by ethnic/racial group.
Country
Ethnic/racial group
HIV
Syphilis (early)a
Syphilis (late)b
HSV-2 (early)c
HSV-2 (late)d
STI symptoms
Concurrency
Multiple partners
Circumcision
USA
Non-Hispanic white
0.22 (0.21–0.24)
0.53 (0.39–0.67)
0.07 (0.01–0.28)
17.6 (15.7–19.8)
12.3 (10.7–14.2)
5.8 (4.6–7.3)
3.1 (2.2–4.3)
15.0 (14.0–16.5)
88e
Hispanic
0.59 (0.53–0.64)
0.98 (0.49–1.74)
22.3 (21.2–23.5)
10.1 (8.3–12.)
8.7 (2.7–17.8)
8.9 (3.6–19.9)
19.9 (15.7–24.7)
Non-Hispanic black
1.72 (1.61–1.82)
3.05 (2.18–3.92)
4.3 (3.23–5.53)
45.9 (43.9–47.9)
39.2 (36.7–41.7)
32.2 (25.9–39.0)
11.3 (7.5–16.7)
27.1 (23.8–31.4)
73e
SA
White
0.5 (0.3–1.1)
0.4 (0.1–0.9)
19.5 (12.7–28.2)
2.0 (0.7–3.2)
2.0 (0.3–12.5)
4.9 (2.1–11.2)
21.7 (13.8–32.5)
Coloured
3.2 (2.3–4.6)
6.3 (5.4–7.3)
30.3 (28.1–32.5)
5.9 (4.2–7.5)
6.5 (2.7–14.8)
8.2 (4.9–13.6)
15.9 (10.6–23.0)
Black
19.9 (18.3–21.7)
8.3 (7.8–8.8)
60.8 (60.1–61.5)
13.2 (12.2–14.2)
9.2 (7.1–12.0)
16 (13.9–18.3)
50.2 (47.3–53.7)
Kenya
Nairobi
7.2 (4.2–12.2)
1.4 (0.8–2.1)
34.7 (32.3–37.3)
0.91 (0.23–3.5)
16.0 (11.7–20.8)
25.8 (19.8–32.9)
89.5 (81.1–94.4)
Central
4.6 (3.2–6.8)
1.2 (0.7–1.8)
43.8 (41.1–46.5)
0.88 (0.22–3.3)
14.5 (11.1–18.4)
24.4 (17.3–33.3)
97.0 (94.1–98.5)
Coast
4.2 (2.6–7.0)
1.8 (1.1–2.7)
61.8 (58.9–64.6)
0.18 (0.04–0.77)
11.7 (8.5–15.6)
19.9 (14.2–27.3)
96.7 (92.7–98.6)
Eastern
3.5 (2.1–5.5)
2.2 (1.5–3.1)
39.9 (37.3–42.5)
0.24 (0.05–1.0)
6.4 (4.2–9.2)
12.2 (7.4–19.5)
96.8 (93.6–98.4)
Nyanza
13.9 (11.0–17.9)
2.5 (1.8–3.4)
76.2 (73.9–78.3)
3.45 (2.0–5.8)
18.2 (14.9–21–9)
30.6 (23.8–38.3)
44.3 (32.6–56.8)
Rift Valley
4.7 (3.1–7.3)
1.8 (1.2–2.6)
52.6 (50.1–55.1)
0.54 (0.2–1.6)
10.3 (7.6–13.5)
14.4 (10.5–19.4)
91.1 (86.3–94.3)
Western
6.6 (4.9–9.2)
1.0 (0.5–1.7)
59.9 (57.0–62.6)
1.52 (0.7–3.2)
18.8 (14.0–24.3)
20.9 (18.4–23.7)
93.7 (88.5–96.6)
North Eastern
0.9 (0.3–4.0)
0.5 (0.2–1.4)
15.6 (12.9–18.5)
0 (0-0)
—
—
98.7 (96.1–99.6)
UK
White
0e
10.9 (9.9–12.0)
13.9 (12.7–15.3)
29.6 (28.1–31.1)
Black Caribbean
2.8
19.7 (13.6–27.9)
25.4 (17.6–35.1)
41.6 (31.3–52.7)
Black African
2.8
16.2 (10.8–23.4)
34.5 (22.8–48.3)
43.8 (34.1–54.1)
Indian
0
3.4 (1.0–11.9)
16.1 (8.0–29.8)
23.2 (16.5–31.5)
Pakistani
0
3.2 (1.3–7.5)
13.2 (6.9–23.7)
22.7 (14.8–33.2)
USA data from 1976 to 1980 [13]; SA data from 1991 [14].
bUSA data from 2001–2004 [47]; Kenyan data from 2007 [22].
cUSA data from 1988–1994 [15].
dUSA data from 2005 to 2009 [23]; SA data from 2012 [43]; Kenyan data from 2007 [22].
eConfidence intervals were not specified.
