Incidence and Clinical Predictors of Ocular Candidiasis in Patients with Candida Fungemia
Table 1
Patients characteristics.
Characteristics
Overall study cohort
Patients with eye examination
Ocular candidiasis present
(%)
(%)
(%)
()
()
()
Age in years (mean ± SD)
55 ± 18
54 ± 18
55 ± 11
Male gender
188 (66)
98 (68)
12 (67)
History of DM
59 (21)e
36 (25)
4 (22)
Mechanical ventilation
142 (50)e
71 (49)
7 (39)
TPN
121 (43)
70 (49)
8 (44)
History of malignancy
93 (33)e
38 (26)
2 (11)
Transplant recipient
19 (7)e
10 (7)
1 (6)
Prolonged immunosuppressiona
51 (18)
19 (13)
1 (6)
Receiving steroidsb
103 (36)
55 (38)
3 (17)
Hemodialysis
64 (23)
32 (22)
2 (11)
Neutropenia (ANC < 500)
12 (4)e
5 (3)
1 (6)
Abdominal surgery
80 (28)e
45 (31)
6 (33)
IVDU
16 (6)
9 (6)
3 (17)
HIV infection
1 (0.35)e
0
0
Patients with burns
18 (6)
10 (7)
2 (11)
Use of vascular catheterc
258 (91)e
135 (94)
18 (100)
Duration of candidemiad (mean ± SD)
5.8 (±7.6) (73 missing)g
5.9 (±8.2) (18 missing)g
3.9 (±2.3)e
Number of (+) BC (mean ± SD)
1.9 ± 1.4
2.0 ± 1.6
2.2 ± 2.2
Apache Score (mean ± SD)
14.4 ± 7.4 (6 missing)
13.1 ± 6.64
14 ± 7.6
Time from (+) BC to fundoscopyd
5.82 ± 5.81
5.82 ± 5.81
4.89 ± 3.71
Time from (+) BC to AFTd
0.68 ± 4.70 (37 missing)
0.69 ± 4.54
0.83 ± 2.23
ICU admission
169 (60)
86 (60)
9 (50)
Duration of stay in ICUd (mean ± SD)
11.7 ± 20.8
15.8 ± 25.9
18.8 ± 16.6
Length of hospital stayd (mean ± SD)
32.9 ± 35.2f
39.1 ± 36e
28.3 ± 17.6
Mortality
67 (24)f
18 (12.5)
2 (11)
Eye pain
1 (0.35)e
1 (0.7)
1 (5.6)
Blurred vision
12 (4)e
12 (8)
3 (17)
Floaters
7 (2)e
7 (5)
2 (11)
Other symptoms
10 (4)e
9 (6)
3 (17)
Note. aPatients receiving corticosteroids, immunosuppressive medications, or chemotherapy; bdose >15 mg of Prednisone or its equivalent daily for at least 3 weeks; carterial or central venous catheters; din days; one patient with missing data; two patients with missing data; number includes patients with no repeat blood culture available; various types of light perception, photophobia, burning, or pressure; AFT: antifungal therapy; ANC: absolute neutrophil count; BC: blood culture; ICU: intensive care unit; IVDU: intravenous drug use; SD: standard deviation; TPN: total parenteral nutrition.
