Luminescent Probe Based on Terbium-Carbon Quantum Dots for the Quantification of Imidacloprid in Caneberries

Table 2

Comparison of analytical parameters with alternative methods for the analysis of IMID.

Method	Sample	Sample treatment	LOD (mg·kg^−1)	Recovery (%)	RSD (%)	Ref.
UHPLC-MS/MS	Barberry	QuEChERS	0.005	88–90	12	[13]
UHPLC-MS/MS	Honey, pollen, royal jelly	QuEChERS, d-SPE or DLLME	0.1–3	80–109	<10	[14]
HPLC-MS/MS	Milk	d-SPE	0.13	87–96	<5	[16]
SERS	Green textile materials		3 (ng)		7	[18]
SERS	Mango fruits	QuEChers	0.02		13	[19]
Chemiluminescence	Test strips	Reaction with luminol	1.7 (μg·L^−1)	83–103	<10	[20]
Chemilum-ELISA	Honeybee	LLE	0.11 (μg·L^−1)	73–116	<9	[21]
Fluorescence	Bok choy		1.67 (mg·L^−1)	94–100	3	[22]
Fluoroimmunoassay	Rice, apple	Gold nanoclusters	0.1 (μg·L^−1)	85–107	<6	[23]
Fluorescence	Soil, orange, tomato	MIP	0.011 (μg·L^−1)	95–101	1.2	[24]
Fluorescence	Fruits and vegetables	Upconversion nanomaterials	0.032 (μg·L^−1)	83–115	<9	[25]
Proposed	Caneberries	QuEChers	0.9	96–104	<5

SERS, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; d-SPE, dispersive solid-phase extraction; DLLME, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; LLE, liquid-liquid extraction; MIP, molecular imprinted polymer; LOD, limit of detection; RSD, relative standard deviation.