Research Article
Evaluation of Facial Proportions and Their Association with Thumbprint Patterns among Hausa Ethnic Group
Table 1
Anatomical landmarks used for linear facial measurements.
| S/N | Landmarks | Abbr. | Anatomical description |
| 1 | Alar | Al | This is the most lateral point of the nasal wings | 2 | Cheilion | Ch | This is the outer most lateral point of the of the mouth | 3 | Endocanthion | En | This is the inner corner of the eye fissure at the meeting points of eyelids | 4 | Exocanthion | Ex | It is the outer corner of the eye fissure where the eyelids meet | 5 | Glabella | G | This is a most prominent point in the median sagittal plane between the supraorbital ridges | 6 | Gnathion | Gn | It is the lowest point on the lower border of the chin, in the midline | 7 | Nasion | N | This is the midpoint of the nasofrontal suture | 8 | Subnasale | Sn | It is the junction between the lower border of the nasal septum and the cutaneous portion of the upper lip, in the midline | 9 | Trichion | Tr | This a midpoint of the hairline at the top of forehead | 10 | Vertex | V | This is the highest point on the head with the head in the Frankfort horizontal plane | 11 | Zygoma | Zy | This is the most lateral point on the zygomatic arch |
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