Consistent Conditional Moment Closure Modelling of a Lifted Turbulent Jet Flame Using the Presumed 𝛽-PDF Approach

Figure 16

Axial profiles of the normalised Favre-averaged temperature and mass fractions of H, O, OH, and HO₂ obtained at the radial locations of liftoff using the mechanisms of (from top to bottom) Burke et al. [42], Ó Conaire et al. [43], and Li et al. [41]. The vertical dash-dotted and dashed lines correspond to the axial locations of maximum HO₂ and liftoff, respectively. The circles indicate the locations of the maximum slopes. The CSDR is modelled using Girimaji’s model and 𝑇_𝑐=1045K.