Eco-Friendly Coffee Waste-Based Carbon Dots Coupled to ZnBi-Layered Double Hydroxide Heterojunction: Enhanced Control of Interfacial Charge Transfer for Highly Efficient Visible-Light Catalytic Activity

<div>(a) Photodecomposition efficiency of 2,4-D over CDs (2%)-ZnBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with and without addition of scavengers after 120 minutes of exposure to visible radiation at a pH of 4.0 and (b) the diagram depicting the separation of <svg height="12.9474pt" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-2.150701pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.7967 29.7691 12.9474" width="29.7691pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M391 364C391 409 353 448 295 448C249 448 198 426 152 393C65 331 23 225 23 139C23 14 96 -12 146 -12C198 -12 280 9 367 101L351 124C300 78 242 48 194 48C129 48 109 107 109 162V191C208 213 391 266 391 364ZM313 350C313 305 268 261 113 223C132 334 187 381 217 398C227 404 244 405 261 405C290 405 313 385 313 350Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,5.382,-5.741)"><path d="M556 236V289H56V236H556Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.461,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,16.822,0)"><path d="M499 88L487 113C459 86 422 65 413 65C403 65 403 74 409 98L461 318C487 426 460 448 431 448C408 448 383 441 352 424C305 398 223 344 157 257H155L243 674C249 702 249 712 240 712C227 712 170 680 87 673L82 648H117C155 648 162 644 150 590L23 -4L30 -12C55 -4 81 3 105 8C113 53 131 150 143 187C199 281 323 387 372 387C390 387 393 369 380 311L328 86C313 19 319 -12 347 -12C379 -12 442 24 499 88Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,23.531,-5.741)"><path d="M556 236V289H337V504H275V289H56V236H275V-4H337V236H556Z"></path></g></svg> pairs and the movement of <svg height="11.0031pt" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.7967 11.5809 11.0031" width="11.5809pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M391 364C391 409 353 448 295 448C249 448 198 426 152 393C65 331 23 225 23 139C23 14 96 -12 146 -12C198 -12 280 9 367 101L351 124C300 78 242 48 194 48C129 48 109 107 109 162V191C208 213 391 266 391 364ZM313 350C313 305 268 261 113 223C132 334 187 381 217 398C227 404 244 405 261 405C290 405 313 385 313 350Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,5.382,-5.741)"><path d="M556 236V289H56V236H556Z"></path></g></svg> at the interface between CDs and ZnBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in the catalyst.</div>

Journal of Chemistry

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Figure 8

Figure 8: Eco-Friendly Coffee Waste-Based Carbon Dots Coupled to ZnBi-Layered Double Hydroxide Heterojunction: Enhanced Control of Interfacial Charge Transfer for Highly Efficient Visible-Light Catalytic Activity 

Figure 8 | Eco-Friendly Coffee Waste-Based Carbon Dots Coupled to ZnBi-Layered Double Hydroxide Heterojunction: Enhanced Control of Interfacial Charge Transfer for Highly Efficient Visible-Light Catalytic Activity 