Antidiabetic Potential of Phytochemicals Found in Vernonia amygdalina

Table 1

Phytoconstituents of V. amygdalina and their medicinal properties.

S. No.	Class of compound	Constituents	Medicinal properties	Ref.
1	Steroid glycosides	Vernonoisides A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3, D, and E	Anthelminthic, anti-inflammatory, and gastrointestinal disorders	[36–38]
2	Flavonoids, saponins, tannins	Luteolin 7-O-β glucuronoside, luteolin and lutelin7-O-β glucoside	Hepatoprotective, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobia and antioxidant	[39–41]
3	Sesquiterpene lactones	Vernomigdin, vernodalin, vernodalol, vernolepin, vernodalol, epivernodalolvernolepin, vernolide, vernodalin, hydroxyvernolide, vernomygdin, vernomenin, vernonioside A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3, and B4, 4,15 dihydrovernodalin, 1,2,11,12ʹ,3ʹ hexahydrovernodalin, 1,2,4,15,11,13,2ʹ,3ʹ octahydro vernodalin, epivernodalol	Antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, anaesthetic and antitumor	[37, 42, 43]
4	Edotides (peptides)	Andrographidoid A, E, arabinogalactan, 3,7,8-trimethoxy-1-hydroxyxanthone, 4,8-dihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxy xanthone, 1,2-dihydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxy-xanthone, and 3,7,8-trimethoxy-1-hydroxyxanthone	Anticancer, antioxidant	[31, 44]
5	Triterpenoids	Glycine, cysteine, pyridoxine, casein hydrolysate, thiamine, ascorbic acid, eucalyptol, alphamurolol, beta pinene, myrtenal	Hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-nociceptive,	[30, 45]

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