Review Article
Antidiabetic Potential of Phytochemicals Found in Vernonia amygdalina
Table 2
Antidiabetic activity of plant parts of Vernonia species.
| Species | Sample type | Study type | Extract type/component | Standard | Activity | Mechanism | Ref. |
| V. amygdalina | Leaves | In vitro | Aqueous | Metformin | 50 μg/ml | Stimulation of glucose | [59] | Leaves | In vitro | Acetone | — | 8.44 μg/ml | Inhibition of α amylase and α glucosidase | [56] | Roots | In vitro | Aqueous | Acarbose | 5.6 μg/ml | α glucosidase inhibition | [64] | Leaves | In vitro | Vernoamyoside E | Acarbose | 102.23 μg/ml | Inhibition of α amylase and α glucosidase | [8] | Flowers | In vitro | Luteolin | Acarbose | 6.530.16 μg/ml | Inhibition of α glucosidase | [107] | Leaves | In vivo | Aqueous | Tolbutamide | 80 mg/kg | Hypoglycaemic effects | [52] | Leaves | In vivo | Ethanolic | — | 400 mg/kg | Regeneration of pancreatic β cells | [108] | Leaves | In vivo | 80% ethanolic | Metformin | 400 mg/kg | Inhibition of hepatic G6Pase &increase in expression & translocation of GLUT4 in skeletal muscles. | [58] | Leaves | In vivo | Crude | Metformin | 1000 mg | Revival of pancreatic β cells | [60] | Leaves | In vivo | 30% ethanolic | AMPK inhibitor | 50–150 mg/kg | AMPK mediated suppression of gluconeogenesis | [62] | In vitro | >200 ng/ml | Leaves | In vivo | 11β,13-dihydrovernolide | Metformin | 10 mg/kgbw | — | [49] | Leaves | In vivo | Vernonioside E | Insulin | 0.70 mg/kgbw LD50 = 1.4 mg/kg bw | Decreased gluconeogenesis | [63] |
| V. anthelmentica | Leaves | In vitro | Ethyl acetate | Quercetin | IC50 = 52 μg/ml | Inhibition of aldose reductase | [109] | Callus | In vitro | Ethyl acetate | Acarbose | IC50 = 552.3 μg/ml | Inhibition of α glucosidase | [109] | Callus | In vitro | Ethyl acetate | Acarbose | IC50 = 328.6 μg/ml | Inhibition of α glucosidase | [109] | Seeds | In vivo | Methanolic | Insulin | 100 mg/kg bw | — | [110] | Seeds | In vivo | Ethanolic | Glibenclamide | 500 mg/kg bw | Induction of insulin release from the remaining beta cells within the islets of Langerhans | [111] |
| V. colorata | Leaves | In vivo | Acetone | Glibenclamide | 100 mg/kg | Sulfonyl urea like mechanism | [112] |
| V. galamensis | Leaves | In vivo | Aqueous | Metformin | 700 mg/kg LD50 >5000 mg/kgbw | — | [107] |
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