Boron is present in both normal diets and the environment, and boron supplements are used to treat osteoarthritis, boost cognitive abilities, and strengthen bone and muscles. As a result, boron-based compounds and nanostructures can be very effective for a variety of biomedical applications. In cytotoxicity experiments, it has been found that boron-based nanostructures can be used to produce antimicrobial surfaces, and that B-based compounds and nanostructures have antibiofilm properties in addition to antibacterial properties. Similarly, B-based nanostructures can be an effective antioxidant. An antioxidant is a synthetic or neutral material that prevents or delays the oxidation of a substance at low doses, thus inhibiting oxidation (the source of free radicals, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)).

Boron-based compounds and nanostructures, including nitrides, nitrate, boride, borates, ceramics, and dopants, have excellent biomedical and biocompatible characteristics that make them a good choice for antibacterial and antioxidant applications, with the potential to bring about a medical revolution. However, these antibacterial, antioxidant, and host cytotoxicity effects must be studied further to achieve their full potential.

This Special Issue covers recent advances in the synthesis of boron-based compounds and nanostructures using green synthesis, hydrothermal, Sol-gel, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques for a variety of potential biomedical applications, including as antibacterial and antioxidant substances and in the fields of nanomedicine, drug delivery, bioengineering, cytotoxicity, radiation protection, and waste-water treatment. We welcome both original research and review articles.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Synthesis and characterization of boron-based compounds
• Boron-based compounds such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), borates, and boric oxides
• Biomedical applications of h-BN nanostructures, such as nanotubes, nanowires, nanosheets, or nanoparticles
• Boron-doped compounds for biological applications
• Boron-doped metal oxides and ceramics for biomedical applications
• Boron-based compounds and nanostructures in drug delivery
• Boron-based compounds and nanostructures in nanomedicine
• Extraction and isolation of bioactive boron-based compounds
• Boron-based nanostructures in radiation therapy
• Boron-based antibacterials and antiviral agents