Changes in Climate Extremes over North Thailand, 1960–2099

Table 3

Observed trend of temperature and rainfall indices.

Annual series	Provinces
	Chiang Rai		Chiang Mai		Lamphun		Tak
	MK	Sen’s slope	MK	Sen’s slope	MK	Sen’s slope	MK	Sen’s slope
	Temperature indices
SU35	−0.12	0.000	0.87	0.143	1.46	0.500	2.47	0.385
TR25	−0.32		2.54	0.161	1.56	0.364	4.11	0.857
TXx	2.32	0.011	3.28	0.019	2.44	0.029	2.76	0.017
TNx	5.71	0.034	3.10	0.019	2.07	0.021	3.53	0.028
TXn	2.71	0.025	1.80	0.018	−0.32	−0.005	2.12	0.017
TNn	5.56	0.038	5.50	0.041	2.04	0.018	5.20	0.047
TN10p	−6.20	−0.220	−4.82	−0.185	—	—	−4.21	−0.180
TX10p	−3.35	−0.080	−1.99	−0.064	—	—	−3.17	−0.093
TN90p	6.64	0.684	3.66	0.224	—	—	4.34	0.328
TX90p	4.42	0.290	3.66	0.246	—	—	3.90	0.234
DTR	−3.16	−0.017	−2.75	−0.017	1.09	0.013	−1.44	−0.008
WSDI	5.23	0.545	3.81	—	—	—	3.65	—
CSDI	−1.00	0.000	−0.644	—	—	—	−1.06	—
	Rainfall indices
CDD	1.67	0.462	1.36	0.368	0.04	0.059	2.39	0.676
CWD	−1.27	−0.034	0.17	0.000	1.15	0.000	−0.34	0.000
PRCPTOT	−0.02	−0.192	−0.84	−1.747	0.57	4.092	−0.34	−0.594
R10	−0.48	−0.029	−0.63	−0.036	0.21	0.000	−0.38	0.000
R20	0.33	0.000	−1.29	−0.056	0.04	0.000	0.26	0.000
R100	−0.74	—	0.27	—	1.27		1.32	—
R95P	0.02	0.024	0.02	0.057	1.28	3.450	0.36	0.476
R99P	−1.54	−0.362	1.20	0.000	2.55	3.666	1.29	0.000
RX1day	−0.98	−0.241	1.92	0.429	1.23	0.495	1.02	0.260
RX5day	−1.29	−0.428	0.65	0.221	2.12	1.333	1.47	0.726
SDII	0.55	0.012	−0.46	−0.006	0.46	0.008	1.90	0.031
V. Heavy	−1.49	—	−1.46	—	1.27	—	0.30	—
Heavy	0.00	—	0.74	—	1.62	—	1.57	—
Moderate	1.21	−0.069	−0.38	−0.024	0.80	0.182	−1.13	−0.111

Moderately significant, significant, highly significant, and very highly significant.
Moderately significant = 90% level of confidence, significant = 95% level of confidence, highly significant = 99.9% level of confidence, and very highly significant = 99.99% level of confidence.