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Study | Year | Country | Type of study | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | Diagnostic criteria for GDM | Type of osteocalcin | Analysis method | Study participants | Number of nondiabetic women | Number of diabetic women |
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Winhofer | 2010 | Iran | Case control | Healthy pregnant women, who were referred from the department of obstetrics and gynecology to the outpatient clinic for routine glucose tolerance testing between the 24th and 28th gestational weeks | History of GDM or obstetric complications in a previous pregnancy, any history of impaired glucose tolerance, or signs of fetal macrosomia. Previous OGTT during pregnancy | One-step: 75 g of glucose (5.5, 10.0, and 7.8 mmol/l cutoff at 0, 1, and 2 h) | ucOC | ELISA for tOC | 78 | 52 | 26 |
|
Hossein-nezhad | 2010 | Iran | Case control | Pregnant women without previous history of diabetes mellitus who referred to the clinics for prenatal care during the first half of the pregnancy | None | Two-step: 50 g if >7.2 mmol/L, 100 g | tOC | ELISA | 695 | 644 | 51 |
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Tabatabaei | 2014 | Canada | Cohort | Healthy pregnant Caucasian women and women with GDM having singleton and term pregnancies with gestation duration of 37 to 42 weeks. With high risk of GDM (obesity and previous history of GDM) | History or new diagnosis of corticosteroid-treated asthma, liver disease, renal disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, medication known to affect bone metabolism, and history of type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes | Two-step: 50 g if >7.2 mmol/L, 100 g | ucOC | ELISA | 96 | 48 | 48 |
|
Saucedo | 2015 | Mexico | Case control | Nongestational diabetic women and gestational diabetic women screened at 24–28 weeks | History of arterial hypertension, renal disease, liver disease, thyroid disorders, and other endocrine or chronic diseases | Two-step: 50 g if >7.2 mmol/L, 100 g | tOC & ucOC | IRA for tOC & ELISA for ucOC | 120 | 60 | 60 |
|
Srichomkwun | 2015 | Thailand | Case control | Pregnant women without risk of gestational diabetes mellitus | History of DM before pregnancy, twin or multiple pregnancy, or significant medical problem, such as cardiovascular, liver, or renal disease | Two-step: 50 g if >7.2 mmol/L, 100 g (cutoff Carpenter Coustan 5.3, 10.0, 9.2, and 8.1 mmol/L at 0, 1, 2, and 3 h | tOC & ucOC | ELISA | 130 | 56 | 74 |
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