Serum Legumain Is Associated with Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 1

Comparison of clinical characteristics between patients with and without PAD.

Characteristic	With PAD; ()	Without PAD; ()	value
Demographic characteristics
Age (years)			<0.001
Male, (%)	130 (64.7)	154 (54.6)	0.034
WC (cm)			0.335
BMI (kg/m^2)			0.111
Medical history and clinical condition
Smoking history, (%)	88 (43.8)	81 (28.7)	0.001
Hypertension, (%)	103 (51.2)	97 (34.4)	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)			<0.001
DBP (mmHg)			0.436
Duration of diabetes (years)	8 (3, 11)	5 (1, 10)	<0.001
DR, (%)	45 (29.4)	34 (16.3)	0.009
DPN, (%)	88 (67.2)	83 (51.6)	0.023
DN, (%)	41 (26.6)	21 (10.4)	<0.001
Stroke, (%)	14 (7.0)	4 (1.4)	0.003
NAFLD, (%)	91 (54.2)	134 (54.9)	0.960
Carotid plaque, (%)	149 (76.0)	121 (44.2)	<0.001
Laboratory examination
Legumain (μg/L)	11.9 (6.3, 17.9)	7.6 (3.2, 14.2)	<0.001
FBG(mmol/L)			0.242
2hPBG (mmol/L)			0.965
HbA1C (%)			0.945
HOMA-IR	17.3 (8.1, 31.9)	12.9 (7.2, 26.1)	0.037
TG (mmol/L)			0.513
TC (mmol/L)			0.831
HDL-C (mmol/L)			0.357
LDL-C (mmol/L)			0.748
eGFR (mL/min/1.73mm^2)			0.003
UA (μmol/L)			0.292
hs-CRP (mg/L)	1.4 (0.7, 3.0)	1.2 (0.6, 2.2)	0.091
HCY (μmol/L)			0.006
Administered drugs
Insulin, (%)	46 (22.9)	47 (16.7)	0.111
OADs, (%)	129 (64.5)	160 (57.3)	0.138
Statins, (%)	18 (9.0)	6 (2.1)	0.001
Aspirin, (%)	17 (8.5)	7 (2.5)	0.006
ACEI/ARB, (%)	36 (18.0)	27 (9.7)	0.012
CCB, (%)	42 (21.0)	33 (11.8)	0.009
β-Blockers, (%)	15 (7.5)	8 (2.9)	0.034
Diuretic, (%)	6 (3.0)	5 (1.8)	0.575

Abbreviation: PAD: peripheral artery disease; WC: waist circumference; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DR: diabetic retinopathy; DPN: diabetic peripheral neuropathy; DN: diabetic nephropathy; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; FBG: fasting blood glucose; 2hPBG: 2 hours postprandial blood glucose; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; UA: uric acid; hs-CRP: hypersensitive C-reactive protein; HCY: homocysteine; OADs: oral antidiabetic drugs; ACEI/ARB: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker.