Review Article
Current Studies on Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance
Table 2
Distribution and functions of different IRS isoforms.
| Isoforms | Distribution | Activation | Function |
| IRS1 | Widely expressed in various tissues | PI3K, SHP2, and Grb2 | Cell differentiation and glucose homeostasis [59] | IRS2 | Widely expressed in various tissues | PI3K, SHP2, and Grb2 | Cell growth and differentiation, mainly participate in glucose homeostasis in liver [59] | IRS3 | Adipocytes and brain | PI3K and SHP2 | Cell growth of adipocytes [60] | IRS4 | Embryonic tissues | PI3K and Grb2 | Cell proliferation and differential and reproductive capacity [61] | IRS5 | Mainly in kidney and liver | Undetected | Undefined [62, 63] | IRS6 | Skeletal muscle | Undetected | Undefined [63] |
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