Does Treatment with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Affect Adherence to International Society Criteria for Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes? A Retrospective Cohort Analysis

Table 1

Results of univariate analysis of biochemical parameters and medications prescribed (in the community) at the time of DKA diagnosis.

Variable	SGLT2i group	Non-SGLT2i group	value
Biochemical parameters at diagnosis
eGFR (mL/min)	57 (49, 68)	48 (31, 80)	0.03
pH	7.26 (7.2, 7.31)	7.215 (7.11, 7.28)	0.006
Anion gap	19.9 (6.7)	20.0 (6.9)	0.96
HCO3 (mEq/L)	15.0 (6.3)	13.1 (6.0)	0.05
Lactate (mmol/L)	1.9 (1.4, 2.6)	2.15 (1.5, 3.2)	0.20
(mEq/L), (%)	41 (43.6%)	52 (74.3%)
, (%)	87 (93.6%)	67 (95.7%)	0.73
, (%)	64 (68.1%)	57 (81.4%)	0.072
Blood glucose (mmol/L) (mean)	14.35 (9, 20)	26.25 (21, 39)
mmol/L, (%)	58 (61.7%)	68 (97.1%)
mmol/L, (%)	50 (53.2%)	68 (97.1%)
Capillary ketones (mmol/L) (mean)	5.35 (3.2, 6.1)	5.6 (4.1, 6.5)	0.19
mmol/L, (%)	66 (70.2%)	57 (82.6%)	0.097
mmol/L, (%)	74 (78.7%)	61 (88.4%)	0.141
Medications at the time of diagnosis
Metformin, (%)	83 (88.3%)	45 (64.3%)
GLP-1 agonist, (%)	8 (8.5%)	2 (2.9%)	0.19
Sulfonylurea, (%)	15 (16.0%)	6 (8.6%)	0.24
Insulin, (%)	43 (45.7%)	38 (54.3%)	0.34
Units (insulin)^1	48 (35, 74)	43 (28, 64)	0.29
DPP4 inhibitor, (%)	32 (34.0%)	9 (12.9%)	0.002
Statin, (%)	64 (68.1%)	27 (38.6%)

Mean (SD), comparisons are by -test. Median (Q1, Q3) where Q1 is the 1^st quartile and Q3 is the 3^rd quartile. Comparisons are by rank-sum test. ¹For individuals being treated with insulin.