Translation of a Diabetes Remission Service into Australian Primary Care: Findings from the Evaluation of DiRECT-Australia

Table 2

Baseline characteristics of study participants.

Characteristics [mean (SD) or (%)]	Participants ()
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age (years)	50.9 (10.8)
Gender (female)	21 (53.8%)
In paid employment	29 (74.4%)
Country of birth (Australia)	28 (71.8%)^#
Comorbidities
Type 2 diabetes duration (years)	3.2 (1.7)
Hypertension	17 (43.6%)
Dyslipidaemia	19 (48.7%)
Obstructive sleep apnoea	8 (20.5%)
Medications
Number of noninsulin antidiabetic medications	0: 9 (23.1%); 1: 18 (46.1%); ≥2: 12 (30.8%)
Noninsulin antidiabetic medications prescribed ()	Metformin: 28 (93.3%); SGLT-2 inhibitors: 8 (20.7%); DPP-4 inhibitors: 4 (13.3%); Sulphonylureas: 2 (6.6%); GLP-1 receptor agonists: 1 (3.3%)
Number of antihypertensive medications ()	0: 1 (5.9%); 1: 6 (35.3%); ≥2: 10 (58.8%)
Lipid-lowering medication prescribed	21 (53.9%)
Behavioural factors
Consuming any alcohol	12 (30.8%)^##
Smoking status	Current smoker: 1 (2.6%); Ex-smoker: 11 (28.2%)

Abbreviations: DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; SD: standard deviation; SGLT-2: sodium-glucose cotransporter-2. ^#Remaining participants were born in Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Latin America. ^##All the participants reported an alcohol consumption consisting of 3 or less standard drinks per week (≤5.25 alcohol units/week).