Beneficial Effects of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Metabolic Parameters and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study

Table 1

(a) Patients’ sociodemographic characteristics at baseline of UDCA or placebo treatment. (b) Patients’ clinical characteristics (anthropometry and blood pressure) at baseline and after eight weeks of UDCA or placebo treatment.

(a)

Parameters	UDCA	Placebo	value
Age (yrs.)			0.842^a
Gender male	17 (56.7%)	16 (53.3%)	0.795^c
DM duration (years)
<5	11 (36.7%)	15 (50%)	0.181^b
5-9.9	12 (40%)	12 (40%)
10-14.9	5 (16.7%)	2 (6.7%)
15+	2 (6.7%)	1 (3.3%)

All values are expressed as or (%). ^aIndependent sample -test. ^bMann–Whitney test. ^cPearson’s chi-square test. DM: diabetes mellitus.

(b)

Parameters	UDCA ()			Placebo ()
	Baseline (F0)	8 weeks (F1)	8 weeks—baseline (Δ)	Baseline (F0)	8 weeks (F1)	8 weeks—baseline (Δ)
Anthropometry and BP
BMI (kg/m^2)			†
WC (cm)			†			†
BP systolic (mmHg)
BP diastolic (mmHg)

All values are expressed as . : Independent sample -test compared with UDCA group. †: Wilcoxon’s signed ranks test compared 8 weeks and baseline in the UDCA group or compared 8 weeks and baseline in the placebo group. F0: beginning of study; F1: end of study; WC: waist circumference; BP: blood pressure.