Beneficial Effects of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Metabolic Parameters and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study

Table 2

Glucoregulation and lipid status at baseline and after eight weeks of UDCA or placebo treatment.

Parameters	UDCA ()			Placebo ()
	Baseline (F0)	8 weeks (F1)	8 weeks—baseline (Δ)	Baseline (F0)	8 weeks (F1)	8 weeks—baseline (Δ)
Glucoregulation
Glucose (mmol/L)
HbA1c (%)
Insulin (mIU)	11.2 (6.5)	11.1 (7.3)	-0.9 (5.2)	10.7 (5.1)	10.4 (5)	-0.3 (4.2)
HOMA IR	3.9 (4.4)	4.0 (2.9)	-0.4 (2)	4.3 (4)	4.4 (3.5)	-0.2 (1.3)
Lipids
Cholesterol (mmol/L)
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	2.1 (2)	1.9 (1.1)	-0.1 (1.2)	1.8 (1.6)	2.2 (1.7)	0.1 (0.9)
HDL-C (mmol/L)
LDL-C (mmol/L)

All values are expressed as or median (IQR). F0: beginning of study; F1: end of study; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; HOMA IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment index; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.