Beneficial Effects of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Metabolic Parameters and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study

Table 3

The change of liver enzymes and inflammatory parameters at baseline and after eight weeks of UDCA or placebo treatment.

Parameters	UDCA ()			Placebo ()
	Baseline (F0)	8 weeks (F1)	8 weeks—baseline (Δ)	Baseline (F0)	8 weeks (F1)	8 weeks—baseline (Δ)
Liver enzymes
AST (UI)	26 (8)	22 (7)	-3.5 (6)†	23.5 (9)	21.5 (11)	0 (8)
ALT (UI)	38.5 (23)	27.5 (14)	-6 (13)†	31 (18)	26.5 (14)	-2.5 (12)
ALP (UI)	51 (24)	55 (23)	5 (14)	62 (15)	61 (21)	2.5 (22)
GGT (UI)	27.5 (31)	24 (19)	-3.5 (16)†	28.5 (18)	27 (21)	2 (12)
Inflammatory
CRP(mg/L)	1.9 (2.4)	1.4 (2.3)	-0.4 (0.7)†	2.5 (2.7)	2.6 (2.5)	-0.2 (1.2)
IL-6 (pg/mL)	2.4 (2.1)	2.1 (1.9)	0 (1.8)	3.3 (4.3)	2.7 (1.8)	-0.5 (2)

Data are expressed as median (IQR). , and : Mann–Whitney test compared with UDCA group. †: Wilcoxon’s signed rank test compared 8 weeks and baseline in the UDCA group. F0: beginning of study; F1: end of study; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; CRP: C reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin-6.