Advances in Research Related to MicroRNA for Diabetic Retinopathy

Table 1

Summary of microRNAs as biomarkers of DR.

miRNAs	Changes in DR	Tested tissues	Targets	Cite
miR-21	↑	Endothelial cells	Endothelial cell dysfunction	[88]
miR-216a	↓	Rat retina, human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECS)	Suppression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2)/the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)	[89]
miR-29b-3p	↑	HRMECS	Blocking SIRT1	[90]
miR-203a-3p	↓	Rat retina, OIR	VEGFA, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)	[91]
miR-183	↓	Rat retina	PI3K/Akt/VEGF, upregulating BTG1	[92]
miR-200b	↓	Diabetic mouse retina, RMECs	VEGF	[93]
miR-150	↓	Endothelial cells	TNF-α, NF-κB	[94]
miR-204	↑	Endothelial cells	SIRT1, Bcl-2	[95]
miR-3197, miR-2116-5p	↑	Retinal endothelial cells (RECs)	Notch homolog 2 (NOTCH2)	[96]
miR-93	↓	Serum	Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), VEGFA	[97]
miR-335-3p	↓	Plasma	Endothelial growth factor (EGFR)	[98]
miR-205-5p	↓	HRMEC	Malat1, VEGF	[99]
miR-425-5p	↑	Serum	—	[100]
miR-320a	↓	Plasma	PTEN	[101]
miR-122	↑	Serum	VEGF	[102]
miR-26a-5p	↓	Plasma	PTEN	[103]
miR-431-5p	↑	Serum extracellular vesicles	—	[104]
miR-29c-3p	↓	Plasma	VEGF	[105]
miR-6a-56p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b, miR-3a-20p	↓	Retina and serum	VEGFA	[106]
miR-3-320p, miR-495b	↑	Plasma and serum	—	[107]
miR-1281	↑	Plasma and serum	VEGFA	[108]
miR-4448, miR-338-3p, miR-485-5p, miR-9-5p	↓	Serum	SIRT, forkhead box O (FOXO) 1, FOXO3	[84]
miR-374a	↑	Serum	—	[109]
miR-214-3p, miR-218-5p, miR145-5P	↓	Tear exosomes	—	[110]
miR-4328, miR-4422, miR-548z, miR-628-5p	↓	Serum	—	[111]
miR-21-3p, miR-30b-5p	↑	Plasma and serum	—	[112]
miR-17-3p, miR-20b	↓	Serum	—	[113]