The Links between Energy Consumption, Financial Development, and Economic Growth in Lebanon: Evidence from Cointegration with Unknown Structural Breaks
Table 2
Unit root analysis.
Variable
ADF unit root at level
ADF unit root at 1st difference
-statistic
Prob. value
-statistic
Prob. value
−2.9832 ()
0.1394
−11.3974 ()
0.0000
−2.2992 ()
0.4321
8.8743 ()
0.0000
−1.9300 ()
0.2547
−17.4153 ()
0.0000
Variable
Ng-Perron unit root test
MZa
MZt
MSB
MPT
−8.0367 ()
−1.9982
0.2486
11.3579
−4.2960 ()
−1.4656
0.3411
21.2112
−9.6893 ()
−2.1405
0.2209
9.6774
−46.2855 ()
−4.8075
0.1038
1.9851
−25.3303 ()
−3.5588
0.1405
3.5975
−24.4338 ()
−3.4612
0.1416
3.9365
Note: represents significance at 1% levels. Lag order is shown in parentheses.