The Links between Energy Consumption, Financial Development, and Economic Growth in Lebanon: Evidence from Cointegration with Unknown Structural Breaks

Table 5

The results of ARDL cointegration test.

Bounds testing to cointegration				Diagnostic tests
Estimated models	Optimal lag length	-statistics	Structural break
	4, 4, 4	6.577	2008	0.8936	: 0.3263	: 1.7586
	4, 4, 4	4.730	2009	0.1449	: 0.2831	: 0.4828
	4, 4, 4	8.719	2006	0.1229	: 0.2005	: 0.0237
Significant level	Critical values ()
	Lower bounds	Upper bounds
1 per cent level	4.40	5.70
5 per cent level	3.47	4.57
10 per cent level	3.03	4.06

Note: and denote the significance at 1 and 5 per cent levels, respectively. The optimal lag length is determined by AIC. is the order of diagnostic tests.