The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on CO₂ Emissions in the Ten Countries with the Highest Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Table 5

Elasticity frequency of independent variable.

Variable	Total elasticity	Z statistics	Standard deviation estimates
Governance	−0.23	−2.86	0.08
GDP growth	0.02	2.23	0.009
Export	0.07	2.34	0.03
Import	−0.04	−1.98	0.02
FDI	0.02	3.98	0.005

Notes: , , and denote statistical significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively.