Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Clinical, Neuropsychological, and Radiological Phenotypes, Histopathological Correlates, and Described Genotypes: A Review

Table 2

Hachinski’s ischemic score. Purpose: the Hachinski ischaemic score (HIS) represents a brief clinical tool helpful in the “bedside” differentiation of the commonest dementia types, Dementia of Alzheimer’s Type (DAT) and Vascular Dementia (VaD). A cut-off score ≤4 for DAT and ≥7 for VaD has a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 89% [23].

Item number	Description	Value
1	Abrupt onset	2
2	Stepwise deterioration	1
3	Fluctuating course	2
4	Nocturnal confusion	1
5	Preservation of personality	1
6	Depression	1
7	Somatic complaints	1
8	Emotional incontinence	1
9	History of hypertension	1
10	History of stroke	2
11	Associated atherosclerosis	1
12	Focal neurological symptoms	2
13	Focal neurological signs	2

Reference: Moroney et al. [23].