Mutanome Engineered RNA Immunotherapy: Towards Patient-Centered Tumor Vaccination

Figure 2

Structure of the pentatope RNA vaccine. Several modifications in the 5′ cap, 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTR), poly(A) tail, and codon usage increased the translation efficiency and stability of the mRNA [30, 31]. Mutated sequences (Mut1–5) encoding 27 amino acids with the mutation in the center (red letter) are separated by nonimmunogenic 10 mer linkers. The antigen encoding sequences are flanked by a signal peptide and the MHC class I trafficking domain (MITD, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domain of MHC class I) to ensure optimal antigen presentation [32].