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| Biopolymers/synthetic polymers | Nanoparticles | Properties | Applications | References |
|
| Gelatin–methycryloyl (GelMA) | CeO2 (CONPs) | Antioxidant, biodegradable, in vitro cell proliferation, high exudate absorption capacity, and increased porosity | Diabetic wound healing hydrogel patch | [141] |
| Gelatin–dextran (Gel/Dex) | Curcumin (CUR) and CeO2 (CONPs) | Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, rapid cell migration, biodegradable, and biocompatible | Inflammation-based pathology wound healing hydrogel | [86] |
| Acrylamide–gelatin (Gel-AM) | AgNPs | Antibacterial against Gram +, biodegradable, and higher water intake capacity | Wound and burn treatment hydrogel | [151] |
| Gelatin–methycryloyl (GelMA) | AgNPs | Antibacterial against Gram + and Gram −, nontoxic to cells, rapid fibroblast migration, and biodegradable | Deep dermal wound healing hydrogel | [153] |
| Gelatin–chitosan (CS–Gel) | AuNPs | Antibacterial against Gram +, biocompatible, high porosity, and effective water absorption capacity | MAR bacteria infected wound healing hydrogel | [102] |
| Bacterial cellulose (BC) | AgNPs | Antibacterial against Gram − | General and surgical wound healing dressing material | [154] |
| Carboxymethyl–cellulose (CMC) | CuONPs | Antibacterial against Gram + and Gram − | Different biomedical applications | [156] |
| Carboxymethyl cellulose–layered double hydroxide (CMC–LDH) | AgNPs | Antibacterial against Gram + and Gram − | Different biomedical applications | [156] |
| Chitosan (CS) | AgNPs and AuNPs | Antibacterial against Gram + and Gram −, nontoxic, high porosity, excellent mechanical properties, good swelling and retention property, and easily removable | Wound dressing material | [158] |
| Chitosan–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA–CS) | CeO2 (CONPs) | Antibacterial against Gram +, nontoxic, excellent water absorption capacity, enhanced porosity, and good swelling properties | Wound dressing material | [85] |
| Chitosan (CS) | CuONPs | Antibacterial against Gram + and Gram − | Various biomedical applications | [161] |
| Chitosan–polyvinyl alcohol/heparin (PVA–CS/Hep) | ZnO (ZONPs) | Antibacterial against Gram + and Gram −, excellent mechanical strength, high water vapor permeability, and good swelling properties | Wound dressing material | [163] |
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