Breaking Barriers in Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Plant-Mediated Metal/Metal Oxide/Bimetallic Nanoparticles: Antibacterial, Anticancer, Mechanism Elucidation, and Versatile Utilizations

Table 1

Biological activity of green synthesized MNPs.

Synthesized NPs	Plant/method used	Tested pathogens/cancer cells	Biological application	References
Ag NPs	Photinia glabra fruit extract	E. coli, S. aureus, and Eca-109 cancer cells	Antibacterial, anticancer activity	[89]
Ag NPs	Teucrium polium extract	MCF-7 and MCF-10A cancer cell lines	Anticancer, antioxidant activity	[90]
Ag NPs	Jacobaea maritima aqueous leaf extract	E. coli and MCF-7 (breast cancer), A549 (lung cancer) cells	Antimicrobial activity	[91]
Ag NPs	Lippia citriodora aqueous leaf extract	E. coli, S. typhi, B. subtilis, and S. aureus	Antimicrobial, larvicidal, photocatalytic activity	[92]
Ag NPs	Conocarpus lancifolius fruits extract	S. pneumonia, S. aureus, R. stolonifera, A. flavus, and MDA MB-231 cells	Antimicrobial, anticancer activity	[93]
Ag NPs	Aqueous Citrus limon zest extract	S. aureus and C. albicans	Antibacterial, antioxidant activity	[94]
Ag NPs	Alhagi graecorum leaf extract	C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicales, and C. krusei	Antifungal, antitumor activity	[95]
Ag NPs	Brachychiton populneus leaf extract	U87 and HEK293 cell lines	Cytotoxic, antioxidant activity	[96]
Ag NPs	Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract	S. paratyphi, S. flexneri, V. cholerae, B. cereus, and E. coli	Antimicrobial activity	[97]
Ag NPs	Euporbia serpens kunth aqueous extract	E. coli, S. typhi, C. albicans, A. alternata, F. gramium, and Artemia salina (animal model)	Antimicrobial, antioxidative, insecticidal, and cytotoxic activity	[98]
Au NPs	Gracilaria crassa aqueous extract	A. stephensi larvae	Cytotoxicity activity	[99]
Au NPs	Jatropha integerrima flower extract	B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae	Antibacterial activity	[100]
Au NPs	Physalis minima aqueous extract	S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae, and E. coli	Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activity	[101]
Au NPs	Verbascum thapsus and R. communis ethanolic extracts	HT29 and SW480 colorectal cancer cells	Antiproliferative activity	[102]
Au NPs	Hibiscus and curcumin extract	HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells	Anticancer activity	[103]
Ag NPs and Au NPs	Aqueous extracts of root, stem, and leaf of Capsicum chinense	S. aureus, E. coli, S. marcescens, and E. faecalis	Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity	[104]
Co NPs	Orange peel aqueous extract	E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, K. pneumoniae, and A. niger	Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity	[105]
Ni NPs	Bacillus sphaericus culture	A. Subpictus, C. quinquefasciatus, and B. annulatus	Larvicidal activity	[106]
Ni NPs	Terminalia chebula fruit aqueous extract	E. coli, K. pneumonia, B. subtilis, and S. aureus	Anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity	[107]
Ni NPs	Z. officinale rhizome extracts	P. aeruginosa, E. coli, P. vulgaris, and MCF-7 cells	Antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, antiparasitic, and antidiabetic	[108]
Zr NPs	Punica granatum peel extract	B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumonia, and A. niger	Antimicrobial, antioxidant activity	[109]