Maternal Fructose Intake Induces Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in Male, but Not Female, Offspring

Table 2

Plasma analytes in fasted 91-day-old progeny from fructose- or glucose-supplemented mothers.

	Male
	Control	Fructose	Glucose
Glucose (mg/dL)	89.3 ± 6.1	97.6 ± 4.8	96.8 ± 5.7
Insulin (g/L)	0.044 ± 0.015^a	0.144 ± 0.031^b	0.031 ± 0.006^a
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	52.1 ± 12.6	53.8 ± 6.8	35.6 ± 4.1
NEFA (mM)	1.66 ± 0.24	1.37 ± 0.13	1.42 ± 0.06
Glycerol (mg/dL)	5.04 ± 0.72	4.12 ± 0.34	4.25 ± 0.15
Adiponectin (g/mL)	29.9 ± 6.8	27.7 ± 3.6	21.4 ± 1.0
Ketone bodies (mM)	0.64 ± 0.16	0.63 ± 0.11	0.73 ± 0.06
	Female
	Control	Fructose	Glucose
Glucose (mg/dL)	104.1 ± 6.6	94.8 ± 2.8	102.9 ± 7.4
Insulin (g/L)	0.101 ± 0.017^a	0.042 ± 0.010^b	0.026 ± 0.004^b
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	26.4 ± 8.9	24.7 ± 4.4	23.6 ± 4.6
NEFA (mM)	1.49 ± 0.29	1.49 ± 0.21	1.29 ± 0.04
Glycerol (mg/dL)	4.62 ± 0.43	4.32 ± 0.48	4.94 ± 0.58
Adiponectin (g/mL)	47.8 ± 8.6	48.2 ± 2.0	37.6 ± 5.3
Ketone bodies (mM)	0.63 ± 0.10	0.97 ± 0.12	1.00 ± 0.20

Data are means ± SE; = 10–12 animals from four litters. Where two or three pups from one litter were studied, their data were averaged. Different letters indicate significant differences between the groups ().