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Gene | Cancer/metastatic tumor | Function(s) of protein | OMIM no. | Chromosome Location |
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NM23 | Breast, colon, melanoma | A histidine kinase. Nm23 phosphorylates KSR and can lead to decreased ERK 1/2 activation. appears to play a role in normal development and differentiation | 156490 | 17q21.3 |
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MKK4 | Breast, ovarian, and prostate | A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKK) that phosphorylates p38 and Jun (JNK) kinases | 601335 | 17p11.2 |
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BRMS1 | Breast, melanoma | Functions in gap-junction communication | 606259 | 11q13.1-q13.2 |
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KiSS1 | Breast, melanoma | A G-protein coupled receptor ligand, also known as metastin. | 603286 | 1q32 |
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KAI1 (CD82) | Bladder, breast, lung, pancreas, and prostate | Interact with beta-catenin-reptin and histone deacetylases. It may desensitize EGFR activity, also known as kangai | 600623 | 11p11.2 |
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CD44 | Breast, colon, lung, melanoma, prostate | An integral cell membrane glycoprotein that affects cell adhesion. Decreased expression due in part to hypermethylation | 107269 | 11pter-p13 |
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CRSP3 | Melanoma | A transcriptional coactivator that may work through the enhancer binding factor Sp1 | 605042 | |
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RHOGDI2 | Bladder, breast, colon, kidney, liver, lung, and prostate | Regulates function of Rho and Rac, GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily | | 11p11.2 |
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VDUP1 | Melanoma | A differentiation factor via thioredoxin inhibition | 606599 | 1q21 |
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PTEN/MMAC1 | Breast, colon, endometrial, germ cell, kidney, lung, melanoma, and thyroid | A homologue of cytoskeletal tension, leading to invasion and metastasis through interaction with actin filaments at focal adhesions | 601728 | 10q23.31 |
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VHL | Renal cell, pheochromocytoma, and hemangioblastoma | Encodes protein products playing an essential role in microtubule stability, orientation, tumor suppression, cilia formation, signaling of cytokines, and extracellular matrix assembly | 608537 | 3p25.3 |
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TIMP2 | Melanoma | Protease inhibitor plays a role in preventing excessive ECM disruption | 188825 | 17q25.3 |
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SMAD4 | Pancreatic cancer, colorectal, and prostate | Transcription factor, pivotal role in signal transduction of TGFβ | 600993 | 18q21.2 |
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RRM1 | Lung | Cell cycle regulator | 180410 | 11p15.4 |
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PTPN11 | Lung, colon, thyroid, and melanoma | Regulates tyrosine phosphatase, proliferation, differentiation, motility, and apoptosis of cells | 176876 | 12q24.1 |
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CDH1 | Gastric, breast | Cellular adherens junctional protein | 192090 | 16q22.1 |
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CASP8 | Gastric, breast, lung, and PNETs | Apoptotic cascade via aspartate-specific cysteine proteases | 601763 | 2q33 |
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