Additive Effects of Exercise and Vitamin D Supplementation (with and without Calcium) on Bone Mineral Density in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Table 2
Baseline characteristics of the studies (MV ± SD).
Sample size
Gender
Age (years)
Body height (cm)
Body mass (kg)
Health status
Medication with impact on bone
Dropout (%)
Comments
EX
EX + Vit-D
EX
EX + Vit-D
Garcia-Gomariz et al. (2022)
9
16
w
>55
—
26 ± 2a
Osteopenia/osteoporosis
No
n.a
6
Design: EX vs. EX + Vit-D/Ca (vs. walking + Vit-D/Ca)
Kukuljan et al. (2011)
46
45
m
61 ± 7
174 ± 6
84 ± 11
Healthy
No
4
4
Design: EX vs. EX + Vit-D/Ca
Mason et al. (2016)
109
109
w
59 ± 5
n.g
87 ± 16
Overweight or obese
No
16
19
Design: EX vs. EX + Vit-D ...during weight loss program
Nelson et al. (1991)
12
9
w
60 ± 1
161 ± 1
64 ± 1
Healthy
No
25
0
Design: EX vs. EX + Vit-D/Ca (vs. Vit-D/Ca)
Uusi-Rasi et al. (2015)
103
102
w
74 ± 3
159 ± 6
72 ± 11
Healthy
No
12
6
Design: EX vs. EX + Vit-D (vs. Vit-D)
EX: exercise group; EX + Vit-D: exercise and Vit-D; m: men; n.a.: not applicable; n.g.: not given; w: women; aBMI.
