Signal Transduction in Astrocytes during Chronic or Acute Treatment with Drugs (SSRIs, Antibipolar Drugs, GABA-ergic Drugs, and Benzodiazepines) Ameliorating Mood Disorders
Figure 14
(a) Effects of 500 nM diazepam (+Diaz.), of 1 μM of the “neuronal-type benzodiazepine antagonist” flumazenil (+Flum), and of diazepam plus flumazenil (+Diaz +Flum) on the increase in evoked by an increase in the extracellular K+ concentration to 20 mM. The control value (100%) represents the increase by the elevated K+ concentration alone, which approximately doubled resting (about 100 nM). Diazepam more than doubles the response to the increase in extracellular K+, and this effect is abrogated by flumazenil. The value in the presence of diazepam is statistically significantly different from all other values, none of which differs from any of the other. (b) Effects of 10 nM midazolam (+Mid.), of 1 μM of the “mitochondrial benzodiazepine antagonist” PK 11195 (+PK), and of midazolam plus PK 11195 (+Mid. +PK) on the increase in evoked by an increase in the extracellular K+ concentration to 20 mM. Midazolam almost quadruples the response to the increase in extracellular K+, and this effect is abrogated by PK 11195. The value in the presence of midazolam is statistically significantly different from all other values, none of which differs from any of the other, from Hertz et al. [128].
