Review Article
Thyroid-Specific Transcription Factors and Their Roles in Thyroid Cancer
Table 1
Thyroid-specific transcription factors and thyroid cancers.
| | Thyroid phenotype in null mice | Gene requirement | Expression in thyroid cancer | Common variants/Gene mutations for thyroid cancer predisposition | Other specifics |
| NKX2-1 | Athyreosis | Proliferation and survival of thyroid follicular cells and C cells | Level correlates with the degree of differentiation | 14q13.3: PTC, FTC | Gene mutation increases thyroid cell proliferation | A339V: PTC | Lineage-specific oncogene amplified in lung cancer | PAX8 | Athyreosis, rudimental thyroid remains | Proliferation and survival of thyroid follicular cells | Correlation between expression level and differentiation not clear | PAX8/PPARγ fusion protein: FTC | Expression found in cancers of other tissues such as kidney, Müllerian system, and ovary | FOXE1 | Athyreosis or ectopia | Migration of thyroid primordium | Level correlates with the degree of differentiation | rs965513 on 9q22.33: PTC, FTC, radiation-induced PTC | LOH at D9S180 on 9q22.3: frequently found in skin SCC | rs1867277 (−283G > A): PTC | 16 Ala variant: associated with SCC |
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PTC: papillary thyroid carcinoma, FTC: follicular thyroid carcinoma, SCC: squamous cell carcinoma, and LOH: loss of heterozygosity.
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